PMC

Developed Perineal Underwear. (a) First Version of the Perineal Underwear; (b) Second Version of the Perineal Underwear; (c) Third Version of the Perineal Underwear; and (d) Final Version of the Perineal Underwear.

Thickness of the perineal muscles (coccygeus and levator ani) in non-pregnant and postpartum Madura beef cow. a=Thickness of the perineal muscle of NP cow, b=Thickness of the perineal muscle of PP cow, c=Linearity of the perineal muscles of NP cow, d=Linearity of the perineal muscles of PP cow. ^a,bsuperscript showed difference (p<0.05).

Differences in health parameters between pups with perineal ulcers and matched controls (pups without perineal ulcers). (a) Almost half of the pups with perineal wounds had bloody diarrhoea compared to only 4% of pups without perineal wounds (GLM, Z = 3.54, d.f. = 90, p < 0.001). (b) Pups with perineal wounds had lower haemoglobin concentration compared with controls (GLM, Z = −3.89, d.f. = 83, p < 0.001). (c) Pups with perineal wounds had higher numbers of hookworm eggs in their faeces compared with controls (GLM, Z = 2.01, d.f. = 84, p = 0.043). (d) Pups with perineal wounds had higher numbers of leucocytes in the peripheral blood when compared with controls (GLM, Z = 2.43, d.f. = 81, p = 0.015).

a) Image of a normal perineal body from a healthy volunteer. The perineal body is shown with red arrows. b) Perineal body(PB) measurements are outlined (Length, Height and Perimeter). c) Perineal body measurements in a healthy volunteer. d) Perineal body scan measurements in a prolapse patient